Performance tuning

Optimizing the performance of your RayDB PostgreSQL cluster ensures efficient query execution, reduced latency, and improved scalability. This guide covers best practices and configurations for tuning performance.

1. Optimize Queries

Use Indexing

• Index frequently queried columns to speed up read operations.
• Example:

  CREATE INDEX idx_column ON table_name(column_name);

Analyze Query Plans

• Use EXPLAIN ANALYZE to understand how queries are executed.
• Example:

  EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 123;

2. Manage Connections Efficiently

Use Connection Pooling

• Implement connection pooling with PgBouncer to optimize concurrent connections.
• Benefits:
  • Reduces overhead from frequent connections.
  • Manages idle connections more efficiently.

Monitor Connection Limits

• Ensure your application doesn’t exceed the max_connections limit.
• Check active connections:

  SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity;

3. Optimize Memory Usage

Adjust Work Memory

• Increase work_mem for complex queries:

  SET work_mem = '64MB';

Tune Shared Buffers

• Allocate enough memory to shared_buffers (typically 25-40% of total RAM):

  SHOW shared_buffers;

4. Optimize Disk Usage

Enable Autovacuum

• Prevent bloat by ensuring autovacuum is running:

  SHOW autovacuum;

• Manually trigger vacuum if needed:

  VACUUM ANALYZE;

Partition Large Tables

• Use table partitioning for handling large datasets efficiently:

  CREATE TABLE orders (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    order_date DATE NOT NULL
  ) PARTITION BY RANGE (order_date);

5. Monitor Performance Metrics

Track Slow Queries

• Enable logging for slow queries:

  SET log_min_duration_statement = 1000; -- Logs queries taking longer than 1 second

Use Performance Monitoring Tools

• Utilize RayDB’s built-in monitoring dashboard to track CPU, memory, and query performance.
• Query PostgreSQL’s statistics:

  SELECT * FROM pg_stat_user_tables;

Best Practices

• Regularly analyze and vacuum tables to maintain efficiency.
• Avoid SELECT * – Retrieve only necessary columns in queries.
• Batch Inserts and Updates – Reduce transaction overhead by grouping operations.